Classification of Buildings
Introduction
The construction done tp protect resident against climate as well as against and danger and risk, are called buildings. In order to construct a building, many material are used. These buildings are selected considering the type of building its use available funds etc.
Types of building
Buildings are of many types:
* Residential Buildings
* Religious Buildings
* Commercial Buildings
* Recreational Buildings
* Educational Buildings
* Historical Buildings
* Office Buildings
* Godowns
* Industrial Buildings
* Public Buildings
* Hospital Buildings
* Social Buildings
1. Residential Buildings:
These buildings are used temporary or permanently for residence. for example houses, flats and hostel etc.
2. Commercial Buildings:
They are used for business purpose for example shops, Godowns, banks, plazas, etc.
3.Educational buildings:
They are used for teaching learning purpose, for example school, college and universities, etc.
4. Office Buildings:
They are used for office of department or companies, for example post offices. courthouse, etc.
5. Hospital Building:
Here treatment is given to human patient or animals, for example, dispensaries, and hospital beings, or animals, etc.
6. Religions Buildings:
People assemble here for religious purpose, for example, masjids, churches, etc.
7. Recreational Buildings:
They are used for the leisure purpose; for example cinema, theaters, swimming pools and clubs, etc.
8. Historical Buildings:
They are the constructions of historical importance and monumental purpose; for example Minar-e-Pakistan, Shahi forte, etc.
9. Godowns (Warehouses)
A building in which goods, commodities or wares are stored; for example warehouses cold storages and garages, etc.
10. Public Buildings:
They are of Special purpose, made for the ease of commonalty, for example railway station.
11. Social Buildings:
These buildings are used for special ceremonies, for example wedding halls, community centers, etc.
Parts of Buildings
A building can be divided into two parts:
1-Foundation
11-Superstructure
1. Foundation:
It is the lower portion of building. Its purpose is to transfer the weight of building to the earth safety. Foundation is usually made underground.
They are of two parts:
i. Shallow foundation
ii. Deep Foundation
a) Shallow foundation:
Such Foundation has its depth lass than 2 times of its breadth.
b) Deep foundation:
Such foundation has its depth more than 2 times of its breadth.
2. Superstructure:
Upper portion of buildings is called superstructure. This portion includes each kind of material from plinth level to the highest point of building as well as walls, roofs. floor. doors. windows and parapets, etc.
Technical Terms used in buildings
* Foundation
* Lintel
* Drip-course
* Superstructure
* Parapet
* Floor
* Plinth
* Sunshade
* DPC
* Roof
1. Foundation:
It is the lower portion of the building. it is also known as substructure.
2. Superstructure:
Upper portion of building is called superstructure.
3. DPC:
It it is the damp-proof course that is made on plinth level. It is made of cement concrete.
4. Lintel:
Horizontal member built to support wall over a door, window, or ventilation window is called lintel. It is usually made of RCC.
5. Parapet:
The exterior walls of house are exceeded the roof that are called parapet.
It has the following types:
* American Type
* Setback Type
* Cornice Type
6. Roof:
It is made to cover the house from above, they are made of various types. Slopping roofs are considered better in hilly regions whereas in plains, flats roofs are more suitable.
7. Drip-course:
A special layer of enhanced bricks over the roof, along the parapet is used that is called drip-course. Its purpose is to stop rainwater from being entering the bases of walls.
8. Floor:
It is the portion of building on which goods are stored. It separates the different stores of buildings and names on this base, for example, ground floor name is given to the floor at ground level.