Introduction
Political Foundation is general in every one of the social orders of the world. To keep up with regulation and other in the public eye.
Definition:
Conveyance arrangement of force and authority which is utilized to keep social control is called political establishment.
John J. Maecionis: " Regulative issues and nation is the social association that circles power sets an overall population's arrangement and makes decision.
The State
According to Imam Ghazi " A state comes into being when the peoples get into conflicts and there is need of a law of a judge and a ruler to enforce the whole system.
Gillin and Gillin says that the state is the sovereign political organization of the individual occupying a definite.
It means state has three elements:
1. An independent political organization.
2. A member of people living therein, and
3. A fixed geographical.
It means the people of an area having a government, political system and social institutions of their own is call a state.
Functions of State and Government
A State has dual functions to perform. One is the preservation of the whole Population. and the other is protection and defence of the whole population against foreign danger.
Young and Mock have the following functions of government which are the functions of the state:
1. Institutionalization norms:
The lengislative bodies make regulations which control the general public. In our society the law Ministry is a government body and national assembly is the elected body.
2. The Decision of Conflicts:
The stable state rest on law while law is a form of social control which is created through systematic. Application of power by a political agency. Law has three feature:
* A relationship between case and effect
* An expected behaviour based on the relationship
* A condition of acceptance with respect of legal operation
3. The Enforcement of Norms:
The laws of the state are put into the effect of the government. There is a head of state, chose or named or out of Military Powers. The Military head is both make the law and enforcing authority.
4. The Defence of the Society:
This function is also defend the society against all foreign attacks. The tactical innovation is applied in planning current weapons.
State and the Government
Giddings have expressed the idea that there is the state behind the constitution and the state revealed in the constitution. These are two different ideas. The of composed of the people in a given geo graphical are usually speaking a common language and a common culture. This is when the state is behind the constitution. The latter when the state is revealed constitution, is the people expressing themselves in cultural patterns and defining the delegating certain powers which they want to exercise. This is called the subject and government of political science.
State and citizen relationship
The state has certain rights from its citizen and certain duties from them.
There are following major rights of citizen and duties of the state:
1. Right to vote freely
2. Right to move uninhibitedly inside the state
3. Right to express their opinion
4. Right to marry
5. Right to seek education
6. Right to housing
7. Right to religion
Most of them are fundamental rights and universally accepted by all the societies of the world.
Following are the Rights of the state and its duties:
1. Right of recruiting young man and woman in Military forces and the police
2. Right to levying text to people
3. Right to making laws
Social Functions of Political Institution
There are following functions of the political institution:
1. To Regulate Relationship
2. Welfare Works
3. Defence Against Foreign Attacks
4. To create social control
5. Elections
6. Legislations
7. Implementation
8. International relation
9. Evaluation of other Institution
Laws as A Part of Political Institution
There are three types of enforces on human societies:
1. The civil laws
2. The laws of positive Morality
3. The law of nations and international laws
Law and Culture
The law of society is designed according to the framework of its culture. the cultural values sentiments ,customs, rituals, and other customary ways pave for the law. A law is guardian of culture values. The importance of value increases the importance of law.
Functions of Law
The major legal functions of system are:
1. Social order
2. Right and duties
3. Cooperation
4. Authority
5 Morality
Law and Crime
Violation of law is crime. The types of law gives us the types of crime. Crime is fashion, in a changing society because the laws change rapidly in changing society. Now modern society gives us new type of crime.