Introduction
Values, conviction and religion all the three are interrelated ideas. According to Durkhein a religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices to sacred things. It unites a single moral unit community all who adhere to those belief and practice.
values are a section in the investigation of normal practices. It is in the sense that the value develop with in the social structure for the security of these very values norms are develop are the same situation from values having sprung.
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Definition:
H.M Johnson Values are general standard and may be regarded as higher order norms.
Values are cultural product as standards which men living in society win as prizes as having high importance. some of these values along their institution are given below:
1. The values of power are attained through political institution.
2. The values of wealth the attained through economics institution.
3. The values of Affection are attained through family institution.
4. The values of Rectitude are attained through religious institution.
5. The values of skill and enlightenment are attained through educational institutions.
Every value can be achieve through its respective institution. Every culture provide a process and method of getting values.
Examples:
Values differ from culture to culture. for example tents of Islam are a great value for pakistani society.
Faith in Islam; Safety of life, honor and property of the nation; honor to national flag and Anthem; Preservation of national freedom and solidarity, etc.
Functions of Values
i. Values provide goals or ends for the member to aim for.
ii. Values provide for stabilities and uniformities in group interaction, hence create sense of belongingness among people who shared community.
iii. Values bring legitimacy to the rule that govern specific activities.
iv. Values help to bring about some kind of adjustment between different sets of values.
v. Values separate among good and bad and what is attractive and unfortunate.
How values develop
It is an important question. The origin of the values is not a biological process. It is social production. It means while living in society the values develop. Values rely on the social design and the way of life. Culture very in all societies. Therefore values differ from society to society. We know that values are what we like and say good in society or in our life.
Some values are hereditary. The culture is always full of values. Culture values are transmitted living in social groups. These values are accepted as social heredity. They are received from parents, leaders and from books.
Values and Norms
Values are related from social norms n the sense that the latter are the guardians of the former. The security of values is made by the standards. The human behaviour is directed by the norms towards certain goal called values. It means the norms are the guides of human behaviour and the behaviour is directed towards values.
The difference in human behaviour is due to the difference in values. Values differ for men to men and group to group. Similarly the behaviour is varies.
Science and Values
The work of science is not persuasion or conversion, but rather demonstration that under certain given conditions, certain events inevitably follow. Much of subject matter of sociology is values and moral involvement and it may tempt the social scientist to bias his results in favor of his own values.
Indicators of Value
What people say is good when you ask them.
What peoples strive to get.
The things on which people spend their resources of time, and energy.
Values and Social change
Values are the goals of culture and provide a sense of competition to the people. They imbedded in the personality structure of the people of whatever nature they may be. In simple terms, they are hard customs of society, a part of their routine behaviour and hence the core of culture.
They certain customary behaviors in certain societies which are wholly or partially culture values. And now the society wants to banish them out due to their non-functional value.
Values endangered create social problems
Individual values are personal values directly related to the desires, interests and goals of the individual. secondly the group values are determined of group interest, goal or desire, irrespective of other values. For the solution of these problems their corresponding efforts are required. If and individual over-emphasizes his personal values upon group values he may misuse national resources called corruption. An anti-social act and a social problem in our society. The solution is to make the individual realize that group values more important than his personal values.
Types of Values
There are following types of values:
1. Cultural Values
2. Social Values
Difference between cultural and social values
The major difference between cultural and social values is that the former are the ideas and the latter are the real goals of the people. The cultural values change slowly than the social values. firstly the cultural values are change than in social values follow. For example the ideology of pakistan is cultural values values and our following them in social rules.